Banff
National Park (pronunciation: /ˈbæmf/) is Canada's oldest national
park, established in 1885 in the Rocky Mountains. The park, located
110–180 km (68–110 mi) west of Calgary in the province of Alberta,
encompasses 6,641 km2 (2,564 sq mi) of mountainous terrain, with
numerous glaciers and ice fields, dense coniferous forest, and alpine
landscapes. The Icefields Parkway extends from Lake Louise, connecting
to Jasper National Park in the north. Provincial forests and Yoho
National Park are neighbors to the west, while Kootenay National Park is
located to the south and Kananaskis Country to the southeast. The main
commercial centre of the park is the town of Banff, in the Bow River
valley.
The Canadian Pacific Railway was instrumental in Banff's early years, building the Banff Springs Hotel and Chateau Lake Louise, and attracting tourists through extensive advertising. In the early 20th century, roads were built in Banff, at times by war internees, and through Great Depression-era public works projects. Since the 1960s, park accommodations have been open all year, with annual tourism visits to Banff increasing to over 5 million in the 1990s. Millions more pass through the park on the Trans-Canada Highway. As Banff is one of the world's most visited national parks, the health of its ecosystem has been threatened. In the mid-1990s, Parks Canada responded by initiating a two-year study, which resulted in management recommendations, and new policies that aim to preserve ecological integrity.
The Canadian Pacific Railway was instrumental in Banff's early years, building the Banff Springs Hotel and Chateau Lake Louise, and attracting tourists through extensive advertising. In the early 20th century, roads were built in Banff, at times by war internees, and through Great Depression-era public works projects. Since the 1960s, park accommodations have been open all year, with annual tourism visits to Banff increasing to over 5 million in the 1990s. Millions more pass through the park on the Trans-Canada Highway. As Banff is one of the world's most visited national parks, the health of its ecosystem has been threatened. In the mid-1990s, Parks Canada responded by initiating a two-year study, which resulted in management recommendations, and new policies that aim to preserve ecological integrity.
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